Spoofing is the act of disguising a communication from an unknown source as being from a known, trusted source. Spoofing can apply to emails, phone calls, and websites, or can be more technical, such as a computer spoofing an IP address, Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), or Domain Name System (DNS) server.
Spoofing can be applied to a number of communication methods and employ various levels of technical know-how. Spoofing can be used carry out phishing attacks, which are scams to gain sensitive information from individuals or organizations.